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      <title>Gateway 结合 Spring Security和 OAuth2 实现分布式认证鉴权 - 交互式测验</title>
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        .quiz-footer {
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        .result-box {
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        .source-text {
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        .final-score-container h2 {
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      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>Gateway 结合 Spring Security和 OAuth2 实现分布式认证鉴权 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档描述的在线教育平台架构，Spring Cloud Gateway 在其中扮演的核心角色是什么？",
    "options": [
      "直接向客户端颁发 JWT 访问令牌",
      "验证传入请求中的 JWT 令牌并将其路由到相应的后端服务",
      "存储所有用户的个人信息和课程数据",
      "执行具体的业务逻辑，如创建课程"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "Spring Cloud Gateway 作为系统的统一入口，其主要职责是拦截所有外部请求，验证请求头中的 JWT 令牌的有效性。验证通过后，它会根据预设的路由规则，将请求转发给正确的下游微服务（如课程服务）。它不负责颁发令牌（这是认证服务的职责）或执行业务逻辑。",
    "source": "文档中「步骤 2：Spring Cloud Gateway 配置（gateway-service）」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到网关负责请求路由和过滤，并配置了 `oauth2ResourceServer().jwt()`。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“客户端调用 Demo”中，用户首次登录以获取访问令牌时，使用的 OAuth2 授权类型（grant_type）是什么？",
    "options": [
      "客户端凭证模式 (client_credentials)",
      "授权码模式 (authorization_code)",
      "密码模式 (password)",
      "刷新令牌 (refresh_token)"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档中的 curl 命令明确使用了 `grant_type=password`，并附带了 `username` 和 `password` 参数。这是 OAuth2 的“资源所有者密码凭证授予”模式，适用于受信任的客户端（如原生应用）直接使用用户凭据获取令牌。",
    "source": "文档中「步骤 1：配置 OAuth2 授权服务器（auth-service）」部分的客户端调用 Demo",
    "hint": "观察获取 Access Token 的 `curl` 命令中 `-d` 参数后面的内容。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在课程服务（course-service）中，系统是如何判断一个用户是否有权限创建新课程的？",
    "options": [
      "通过直接查询数据库中的用户角色",
      "通过检查JWT令牌中是否包含 `SCOPE_course:write` 权限",
      "通过验证请求是否来自特定的 `clientId`",
      "通过检查请求头中的 `Authorization` 是否为教师的用户名"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "资源服务通过 `@PreAuthorize(\"hasAuthority('SCOPE_course:write')\")` 注解来保护创建课程的端点。它会解析网关转发过来的 JWT，并通过 `CustomRoleConverter` 将 JWT 中的 `scope` 声明转换为 Spring Security 的权限（如 `SCOPE_course:write`），然后检查当前认证用户是否拥有该权限。",
    "source": "文档中「步骤 3：资源服务器（课程服务）配置（course-service）」部分的课程控制器代码",
    "hint": "注意 `CourseController` 中 `createCourse` 方法上的 `@PreAuthorize` 注解。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在 Spring Cloud Gateway 的配置中，`TokenRelay` 过滤器的主要作用是什么？",
    "options": [
      "在将请求转发到下游服务前，将客户端的 JWT 令牌附加到请求头中",
      "当令牌过期时，自动为客户端刷新令牌",
      "撤销已经泄露的 JWT 令牌",
      "为每个下游服务生成一个新的、独立的令牌"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 0,
    "explanation": "`TokenRelay` 过滤器的作用是将上游（客户端）请求中携带的认证令牌（在此案例中是 JWT）原封不动地传递给下游的资源服务。这样，资源服务就能接收到原始的 JWT 并用它来进行用户认证和权限校验。",
    "source": "文档中「步骤 2：Spring Cloud Gateway 配置（gateway-service）」部分的说明",
    "hint": "文档中对 `TokenRelay` 的描述是“将客户端的 JWT 传递到下游服务”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据 `auth-service` 的配置，系统通过什么机制来保证 JWT 令牌没有被篡改？",
    "options": [
      "使用 Redis 对每个令牌进行实时验证",
      "将用户的密码哈希值包含在令牌中",
      "使用非对称加密（RSA）密钥对中的私钥对令牌进行数字签名",
      "对整个 JWT 负载进行 AES 加密"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档中的 `AuthorizationServerConfig` 配置了一个 `jwkSource` Bean，它生成一个 RSA 密钥对。授权服务器使用私钥对 JWT 进行签名。当网关或资源服务器收到 JWT 时，它们会使用公钥来验证签名。如果签名有效，就证明令牌是由授权服务器颁发的且内容未被篡改。",
    "source": "文档中「步骤 1：配置 OAuth2 授权服务器（auth-service）」部分的授权服务器配置",
    "hint": "查看 `jwkSource` 和 `generateRsaKey` 方法的实现，它们与 JWT 签名有关。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在一个学生用户尝试创建课程（POST /courses）时，API 返回了 403 Forbidden 错误。这最可能是什么原因？",
    "options": [
      "学生的访问令牌已经过期",
      "学生的密码不正确",
      "学生的令牌有效，但其权限范围（scope）不包含 `course:write`",
      "网关服务无法连接到课程服务"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "HTTP 状态码 403 Forbidden 表示服务器理解请求，但拒绝授权。在此场景中，学生用户的令牌是有效的（否则会返回 401 Unauthorized），但其角色（`ROLE_STUDENT`）和关联的权限范围（`SCOPE_course:read`）不满足创建课程所必需的 `SCOPE_course:write` 权限，因此被拒绝访问。",
    "source": "文档中「步骤 3：资源服务器（课程服务）配置（course-service）」部分的失败示例",
    "hint": "文档中明确区分了未授权（401）和无权限（403）两种失败场景。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在整个在线教育平台架构中，以下哪个选项最准确地描述了从用户登录到访问受保护资源的完整流程？",
    "options": [
      "客户端直接向课程服务发送用户名密码，获取数据",
      "客户端先从认证服务获取令牌，然后带着令牌直接请求课程服务",
      "客户端通过网关登录认证服务获取令牌，再通过网关携带令牌访问课程服务",
      "网关自己生成并验证令牌，然后直接访问课程服务获取数据返回给客户端"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "该架构遵循标准的API网关模式。所有流量都通过网关。1. 客户端的登录请求通过网关路由到认证服务以获取JWT。2. 客户端后续所有对受保护资源（如课程服务）的请求，都必须携带此JWT，并再次通过网关。3. 网关验证JWT的有效性，然后才将请求路由到相应的资源服务。",
    "source": "文档中「系统架构设计」和「实战步骤」的整体流程",
    "hint": "回顾文档开头的架构描述：`客户端 -> 网关 -> 认证服务/资源服务`。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

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          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
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            return;
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            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
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                    li.classList.add('selected');
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          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
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          updateNavigationButtons();
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        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
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            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
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            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
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                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
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                hintBtn.disabled = false;
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        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
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                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  